Abstract
Exposure to environmental microorganisms has a moderate effect on the spread of disease in otherwise healthy persons. Unintentional exposure to pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the varicella-zoster virus, and environmental opportunistic infections, such as Aspergillus spp. and Legionella spp., can cause diseases with high morbidity and/or mortality rates. Even when the exposure is not to the pathogens themselves, this may be the case. When hospital norms and standards are not strictly adhered to, horrible things may occur to patients. The capacity to swiftly recognize and identify microorganisms is an essential and challenging skill in both the business sector and the medical profession. There is universal agreement that sometimes following to preset protocols may be challenging and time-consuming (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests). However, the current study requires precise reporting of microorganisms using molecular techniques, and screening processes entail swiftly and affordably bringing together isolated groupings of bacteria and fungus. This review paper focuses on discovering and identifying bacteria utilizing a range of techniques, both historical and contemporary.

Key words: Infection, Nuclear medicine, Radiopharmaceuticals, Biochemical test